Carbonization apparatus



April 8, 1941.

F. PUENING CARBONZATION APPARATUS Filed June 18, 1958 Zvi 02723071',

prils, 1941.4 F PUENING 2,237,689

CARBONIZATION APPARATUS Filed June 18, i958 l 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 8,1941. F, PUENING 21,237,689

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CARBONI ZATION APPARATUS Filed June 18, 193s 4 sheets-sheet 4 is cokedqverheats the Patented Apr. 8, 1941 2,237 ,689 CARBONIZATION APPARATUSFranz Puenng, Claygate, England Application June 18, 193

In Great Britain 2 Claims.

This invention relates to carbonization apparatus for the production ofcoke from liquid for liquiable charges such as petroleum residue orpitches produced by the distillation of coal tar, wood tar, lignite tarand so forth.

Both vertical and horizontal forms of such ovens have been proposed butthe vertical type sulers very serious disadvantages, such as thetendency of the charge to foam and the difficulty of sealing the doorsdue to the hydrostatic pressure of the considerable depth of liquid inthe oven.

Ovens of a at horizontal form, on the other hand, have also proveddifficult to keep tight and, particularly when such an oven is used withregenerators placed below it, leakage of the liquid charge through thehorizontal oor on which Iit regenerators and may even cause the bricksto melt Another diiculty experienced with coke ovens of the flat type isthat when a group or battery of such ovens is used the lateral expansionof the coking oors may cause them to buckle, thereby increasing thetendency to leak, and,

when connected to a common chimney, while the flow of dark smoke fromthe chimney shows that leakage has occurred, it may be very` difficultto nd out which of the ovens has failed,

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved form ofapparatus for purpose in question in which these difficulties are atleast partly overcome.

With such an object:

A coking oven for the purpose in question comprises an upper` cokingchamber havingv a continuous horizontal oor, lower regenerator chambers,and between said coking chamber and said regenerator chambers,combustion flues, having a horizontal floor also continuous except forducts the upper openings of which lie wholly above, and spaced from, thefloor and which ducts place in communication the combustion flues andthe regenerator chambers.

The ducts pass through and protrude above the lower floor in order toprevent any liquid which may leak through the upper oor on to the loweroor from passing down the ducts into the regenerator chamber. Preferablythe lower oor is thicker than the upper one and may for example,comprise two layers of bricks, the bricks in each layer being jointedtogether by lap, tongue, rgroove or other similar -ioints. Furthermore,a longitudinal heating flue may be provided in the outside wall or wallsof the oven at substantially the top level of the material to the f 8,Serial No. 214,499

June 18, 1937 be carbonized, which heating flue is in communication witha regenerator chamber. Preferably also the ovens are arranged in pairs,each pair having a common waste gas chimney.

VA preferred form of the invention will now be described with referenceto the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:

Figures 1A and 1B constitute two halves of a Figure 1 which is asectional elevation of an oven constructed in accordance with theinvention.

Fig. 2A shows a transverse section of one oven and Fig. 2B shows an endelevation of a similar oven, such ovens being built up integrallytogether.

Figure 3 shows larged scale; and

Figure 4 is a side sectional view of the detail shown in Figure 3.

Each oven comprises a pair of regenerator chambers 5 and 6 a detail ofFigure 2A on an er1- combustion flue I 0. Liquid to be carbonized ischarged on to the upper coking floor 8 through an inlet II and thegaseous products of carbonzation are collected after passing through anoutlet I2.

Each oven is operated reversibly in the usual manner. Air and gascirculate, during operation in one sense, in the direction indicated bythe arrows. Air is admitted to each of the several vertical sections ofthe regenerator chamber 5 by way of an inlet I3, whilst gas is admittedfor combustion in each ue I0 by way of a pipe I4. Air admitted at I3 isheated whilst it passes over the checkerbricks I5 and passes from theupper shelf of the regenerator chamber via ducts I6 into the combustionflue III. A first set of ducts I6 supplying primary air for combustionare arranged, as shown in Figure 1A, adjacent the end wall of the ovenand a second set I 1, supplying the secondary air for combustion,further in, the latter set of ducts being controlled by damper bricks I8(Figures 2A, 3 and 4), the positions of which can be adjusted fromoutside the oven after removing bricks I9 in the end wall of the oven.Gases burning in the flue I!! pass down similar ducts I6 and I I at theotherend of the oven, serve to heat up the regenerator chamber 6 andescape by an outlet I3', the gas inlet I4 and air inlet 20 at this endof the oven meanwhile being closed. The escaping gases pass along pipe2| (gases from the second oven of the pair being collected from pipe 22)thence through a reversing valve 23, to a fan 24 and a chimney 25 commonto the two ovens. At appropriate intervals of time the process isreversed.

It will be seen from Figures 3 and 4 that each duct I6 or l1 is formedin a monolithic brick 28 which is formed with walls 21 protruding abovethe lower floor 9 of the combustion ilue. lThese monolithic bricks areship-lap jointed to the neighbouring bricks, whilst adjacent bricks ineach layer of the upper and lower floors 8 `and 9 are also joinedtogether with a ship-lap joint as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The ducts I6and l1 between walls 21 are bridged over by bricks 28 (Figures 2A, 3:and 4) forming supports for the upper floor 8.

The outer vertical section 29 of the regenerator chamber, as shown inFigure 2A, communicates by way of a duct 38 with a heating flue 3|extending the whole length of the oven. This later-al heating flue 3| isbuilt into the outer side wall of each oven at substantially the toplevel of the material to be carbonized which lies on the upper floor 8.The flue 3l serves to transmit heat to the sides or edges of the chargeand at the same time increases the heat supply, whether by radiation orconvection, from the upper part of the oven side walls to the spaceabove the material to be coked, so that the coking of the upper portionsof this material is accelerated and the main gas jets can becorrespondingly turned down.

As mentioned above the ovens are preferably arranged in pairs, side byside, to avoid difficulties due to expansion of the ovens, but if usedsingly a heating fiue 3l may be provided in each side wall.

Referring to Figure 2A, the maximum lateral expansion of the pair ofovens occurs at the level of the upper oor 8 and least expansion occursat tbe top and bottom of the oven since the lowest shelves of theregenerator chamber are always the coolest. rThe ovens are supportedlaterally by buckstays 32 and 53 tied together by tie-rods 36 and 35 andthe maximum lateral expansion of the ovens at the level of the floor Bis thus taken up by the resultant resilient bending of the buckstays 32and 33.

The coking chamber 'l is closed by doors 38' and 31 (Figure 1A) whichare lowered whilst being guided into position by guide members 38 and39.

Longitudinal expansion of the oven, which also is a maximum at the levelof the floor 8, is accommodated by end buckstays 4U land M tied togetherby tie-rods 82 and 53. Between adjoining end buckstays on the same sideor the oven a very strong horizontal girder M is secured r which willprevent an uneven longitudinal motion of the bricks in the floor 8, thebricks being held back and closed up when the floor is heated. A castiron filler block 43 is laid upon girder M, of such thickness that theupper surfaces of iioor 8, block 45 and a bench d5 are all at the samelevel in order to facilitate the discharge of the completed coke, and toprotect the girder against the heat of the coke.

Many advantages accrue from the oven con- A,

struction described above. i

ln the irst place the lower floor 9 is subject to less unfavourableiniiuencev as regards leakage than the coking oor 8. The latter isnecessarily thin since heat must be transmitted through it from thecombustion ue I0 below, but as regards the lower oor 9, no heat has topass through it and therefore it can be made thicker with more effectivejoints of zig-zag, tongue-andv-groo've or other type, between thecomponent units of which it is built up.

Further, if foaming occurs, pressure will build up in the coking chamber1 and tend to drive the pitch or the like through the joints of thecoking door 8, but no pressure can arise in the combustion flues l0above the lower floor 3, because this space is connected to the outsideatmosphere through the regenerator chamber 5, 6.

The lower oor 9 moreover is not subjected to the high mechanical andthermal stresses which are present in the case of the upper floor 8. Forexample, as'regards mechanical stresses, the coke formed on the cokingfloor 8 is pushed out by a mechanical pusher (not shown) which is ofconsiderable weight and may bear very heavily on some particularcomponent of the coking floor, while as regards thermal stresses, veryhigh temperatures prevail when coking takes place and low temperaturesprevail when a fresh charge enters or when the doors 36 and 31 areopened and the hot floor 8 is in contact with the cold air, but owing tothe secluded position of the lower floor 9 no such influence can arise.

Further, when the ovens are arranged in pairs, each pair with its ownchimney and reversing valves as described, both the horizontal iloorscan expand laterally, the buckstays 32 and 33 being capable of bendingresiliently to provide for this movement; at the same time, if leakageoccurs, it is a simple matter for the operator to determine which ovenis at fault.

The coking floor 8 and the lower floor 9, moreover, together with thehorizontal partition walls of the regenerator chamber 5, 6 are subjectto graded temperatures decreasing in a downward direction so that notonly the coking floor 8, but also the lower floor 9 and the three or sohorizontal shelves of the regenerator chamber press against the verticalbuckstays on expansion, the deilection of these buckstays being greatestin the neighbourhood of the coking iioor 8, which expands most. Thepressure against the buckstays is thus distributed over the variousfloors and shelves so that a good deal of the lateral pressure isremoved from the coking floor 8 itself, with the result that thetendency for it to buckle is reduced or eliminated, thus making theprovision of objectionable expansion joints in the top oor against itslateral expansion, superuous.

I claim:

l. A coking oven including an upper coking chamber having a continuoushorizontal ioor, lower regenerator chambers, and between said cokingchamber and said regenerator chambers, a combustion flue having ahorizontal iloor also continuous except for ducts the upper openings ofwhich lie wholly above, and spaced from, the floor and which ducts placein communication said combustion iiue and regenerator chambers.

2. A coking oven including an upper coking chamber having a continuoushorizontal oor, lower regenerator chambers, and between said cokingchamber and said regenera-tor chambers, a combustion ue having `ahorizontal floor also continuous except for ducts which emerge at pointsspaced from the oor and which place two sections of the combustion fluein communication with two sections of a regenerator chamber, in suchmanner that each combustion flue receives `its combustion air fromopposite sides and the entering air currents meet in the centre of eachflue and do not im'pinge upon the side walls of the flues.

FRANZ PUENING.

